Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics is the study of nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energies in order to understand the behavior of extended nuclear matter under the extreme conditions of high density and temperature. The primary goal is to reach the phase transition from ordinary nuclear matter to a quark-gluon plasma. Heavy Ion Collisions will further our understanding of the creation of the universe, because they probe similar conditions as shortly after the Big Bang. This field of research offers the only means to study the fundamental theory of strong interactions in the high density limit and to observe directly the parameters of the predicted phase transition. Relativistic collisions of heavy ions may also provide the information on the equation of state of nuclear matter at densities relevant to the interior of neutron stars.
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